ISSUE 7(7), July 2012 |
Pages 3-12
Title
THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CERTIFICATION AND RATIONALIZATION OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ENTERPRISES OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Author(s)
L. Kovalev, I. Kovalev
Organization(s)
Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Key Words
Animal breeding; Certification; Rationalization; Workplace; Technical service; Maintenance service; Repair service.
Abstract
The article considers the economic feasibility of the work on certification and rationalization of employment offices and technical service organizations, agribusiness in the case of the Republic of Belarus. Organizational effectiveness factors of the enterprise is about one-third of the total effect of the activities generated from the implementation of the "internal" reserves of plant efficiency, a significant share of this belongs to the employment factors that are associated with the improvement of the organization of labor groups and direct each worker individually.
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Pages 13-15
Title
DETERMINATION OF SIZE SPARK DISCHARGE BETWEEN ELECTRODES AT ELECTROSPARK PROCESSING DETAILS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
Author(s)
I. Kuznetsov, V. Pavlov, A. Kolomeichenko
Organization(s)
Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia
Key Words
Electrospark processing; Spark discharge; Diameter; Dissociation energy; Ionization energy; Cross-sectional area; Electrodes.
Abstract
The paper implemented the model calculation of spark discharge diameter, presented in form of dependency on diameter of cross sectional area of electrodes, voltage and parameters of gaseous medium in which electrospark processing. Determined ratio of estimated coefficient due to stress and average distance between electrode and workpiece (anode - electrode, cathode - detail).
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Pages 16-22
Title
THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL EXPENDITURE ON POVERTY IN ZIMBABWE
Author(s)
A. Mapfumo*, A. Mushunje*, C. Chidoko**
Organization(s)
* University of Fort Hare, Republic of South Africa
** Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
Key Words
Poverty; Millennium; Development Goals; Agricultural spending; Expenditure.
Abstract
Global experience with pro-poor growth and empirical work spanning India, Benin and Malawi demonstrates the importance of agricultural expenditure for poverty reduction in poor rural areas, while also pointing to the need for complementary non farm sector growth. This paper proposes a simple methodology to estimate the agricultural spending that will be required to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of halving poverty by 2015 (MDGs) in Zimbabwe. This method uses growth poverty and growth expenditure elasticities to estimate the financial resources required to meet the MDGs. The paper attempts to address a key knowledge gap by improving estimation of first MDG agricultural expenditure at country level.
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Pages 23-31
Title
FEATURES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF MAIZE PLANTS AT USING NON-TRADITIONAL ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
Author(s)
A. Kojuhov, A. Gurin, S. Plygun
Organization(s)
Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia
Key Words
Corn; Spirit bards; Photosynthesis; Transpiration rate; Productivity.
Abstract
The use of fertilizers in cultivation of crops is an objective necessity. However, their use has a negative impact on environment and especially on the soil polluting it with heavy metals. Organic fertilizers can significantly improve physical and chemical soil properties and increase its fertility. In connection with deficiency of manure particular interest represents using of waste as non-conventional fertilizers, in particular waste of alcohol production. Using of high-dose alcohol stillage stronger growth processes and number of leaves, which leads to an increase of maize photosynthetic activity and productivity. Maximum formation of green mass was observed in variant with a dose of making alcohol stillage 40 m3/ha during vegetation.
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Pages 32-40
Title
INCOME AND ENERGY SOURCES AMONG AGRARIAN HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR LOW CARBON ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Author(s)
M. Mkpado*, J. Nweze**, E. Igbokwe***
Organization(s)
* Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
** Department of Agric. & Bio-Resource Engineering, UNN
*** Centre for Rural Development and Cooperatives and Department of Agricultural Extension, UNN
Key Words
Poverty; Agriculture; Low carbon energy; Environment.
Abstract
Low-carbon power comes from sources that produce fewer greenhouse gases than do traditional means of power generation. It includes zero carbon power generation sources, such as wind power, solar power, geothermal power and (except for fuel preparation) nuclear power, as well as sources with lower-level emissions such as natural and petroleum gas, and also technologies that prevent carbon dioxide from being emitted into the atmosphere, such as carbon capture and storage. This article correlated value of income from different sources to energy sources used by agrarian households in Nigeria and drew implications for low carbon development in Africa. It analysis included use of wind power for irrigation purposes, harnessing solar energy for lightening and possible cost implications. Secondary data were collected from Community Based Monitoring System Nigeria Project. Descriptive statistics, correlation and qualitative analysis were employed. The average annual income of agrarian households from different sources such as crop farming, livestock farming, petty trading, forest exploitation, remittance and labour per day was below the poverty line of $1 per day. The source of energy that had the highest number of significant correlation was electrical energy (low carbon electrical energy). It showed the possibility of pooling resources as farmers group to attract grants or equity financing to build wind mills for irrigation. The study recommended use of energy efficient bulbs to reduce CO2 emissions. This requires creating awareness among rural dwellers of the need to make such change.
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